The Between West Africa And South Africa - 1318 Words

While the nearness of Islam in West Africa goes back to eighth century, the spread of the confidence in locales that are presently the cutting edge conditions of Senegal, Gambia, Guinea, Burkina Faso, Niger, Mali and Nigeria, was in reality, a progressive and complex procedure. A lot of what we think about the early history of West Africa originates from medieval records composed by Middle Easterner and North African geographers and antiquarians. Experts have utilized a few models to disclose why Africans changed over to Islam. Some underline monetary inspirations, others highlight the draw of Islam s otherworldly message, and a number stretch the distinction and impact of Arabic education in encouraging state building. While the†¦show more content†¦In West Africa, the three awesome medieval domains of Ghana, Mali, and the Songhay created in Sahel. The historical backdrop of Islam in West Africa can be clarified in three stages, control, blending, and change. In the main stage, African lords contained Muslim impact by isolating Muslim groups, in the second stage African rulers mixed Islam with nearby conventions as the populace specifically appropriated Islamic practices, lastly in the third stage, African Muslims squeezed for changes with an end goal to free their social orders of blended practices and execute Shariah. This three-stage structure helps reveals insight into the verifiable improvement of the medieval domains of Ghana and Mali. In the eleventh century Andalusian geographer, Al-Bakri, reported records of Middle Easterner and North African Berber settlements in the locale. A few components prompted the development of the Muslim vendor researcher class in non-Muslim kingdoms. Islam encouraged long separation exchange by offering valuable arrangements of apparatuses for shippers including contract law, credit, and data systems. Muslim vendor researchers likewise assumed a vital part in non-Muslim kingdoms as consultants and recorders in Ghana. They had the vital aptitude of composed script, which helped in the organization of kingdoms. Numerous Muslim were additionally religious experts whose ornaments were prized by non-Muslims. Dealer researchers additionally

Critique Essay Example For Students

Critique Essay ?Melender, H. S. Lauri, S. (1999). Fears associated with pregnancy and childbirth-Experiences of women who have recently given birth Midwifery, 15(3), 178-183. This descriptive study was undertaken to describe fears associated with pregnancy and childbirth. Also to see whether women who have recently given birth feel that their fears were justified. A convenience sample of 20 women, 10 primipare and 10 multiparae were interviewed in the maternity units of two university hospitals in Finland. A qualitative study was used, and data were collected by semi-structured interviews held 2 or 3 days after childbirth. Datainterpretation was based on the method of content analysis. The authors found that the most common fears associated with pregnancy and childbirth wereconcerns with the babys well-being, the course of pregnancy, and childbirth. The fears found expression in different kinds of behaviors, emotions and physical sensations. Many of the participants felt that their fears had not been justified, but some maintained that their fears had been justifiable. The authors conclude that there was much inter-individual variation in the fears associated with pregnancy and childbirth. The findings further verify the importance that diagnosis during pregnancy is undertaken sensitively and that the care-giver remember that pregnant women may have very serious fears associated with pregnancy and childbirth. Critique:This study is timely, and in general, well done. The sample size was small, therefore, generalizations to an entire population cannot be made. The authors have done an adequate job of explaining their findings in understandable terms and document their rationale with a concise literature review. They give an appropriate rational for the convenience sampling of the Finnish women. The discussion is clearly written. The conclusions the authors draw are consistent withthe data presented, and they conclude with a well defined point that it may not be essential to try to protect women against these fears, but to give every pregnant women the opportunity to deal with her own fears and to obtain the help she needs in her situation. BibliographyMelender, H. S. Lauri, S. (1999). Fears associated with pregnancy and childbirth-Experiences of women who have recently given birth Midwifery, 15(3), 178-183.